Which is the total cereal production in Spain?
Source: MEMORIA ANUAL JUNIO 2014 – Asociación de comercio de cereales y oleaginosas de España.
What cereal-land exists in Spain and how was it distributed in recent seasons?
Regarding winter cereals, the surface was distributed as follows in recent years:
Source: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente/Memoria Anual Año 2014 ACCOE
When do the main grain session markets in the area take place?
Llotja de Barcelona (Tuesday midday)
Lonja de Binéfar (Wednesday midday)
Mercolleida (Thursday afternoon)
What are the quality standards for different cereals?
Humidity(%) | Specific gravity (Kg/m3) | Others | |
---|---|---|---|
Barley | 12.5 | 64 | Gauge and protein |
Wheat | 12.5 | 72 | Protein |
Oats | 12.5 | 48 | |
Pea | 13 | 78 | Protein |
Corn | 14 | ||
Sunflower | 9 | 2% Impurities 44% Fat | |
Sorghum | 14 | ||
Colza | 9 | 2% Impurities 40% Fat |
What factors influence to decide whether a wheat set can be used in flour industry?
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Varietal purity
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Protein content
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Specific gravity
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Humidity
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Degradation
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Pest free
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Baking strength
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Elasticity and toughness
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Size
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Uniformity
Where I can find a model of the register book for the application of fertilizers to vulnerable areas of Aragon?
What are the fertilizer recommendations for the main crops of the area for each 1000Kg expected?
Crop | Nitrrogen | Phosphorus | Potash | Sulphur | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barley | 24-28 | 10-12 | 19-35 | 4 | Ca y Mg |
Wheat | 28-40 | 9-15 | 20-35 | 5 | Ca y Mg |
Pea | 10-15 | 20-30 | 25-40 | Alto | Boro y Mn |
Corn | 28-30 | 10-12 | 23-25 | Alto | Ca y Mg |
Sunflower | 30-40 | 15-20 | 30-40 | Alto | Boro |
Colza | 40-50 | 25-30 | 35-40 | 60-70 |
Results are expressed in Kg of nutrient needed per 1000kg of harvest expected.
Source: Handbookd of Rational Fertilization of crops in Spain (MARM 2010) .
Which are the three forms of nitrogen that can be found in the fertilizer market and what availability do they have for plant absorption?
The plant mainly absorbs nitrogen in nitrate form so ureas compounds should be transformed into ammonia and nitrate nitrogen. It can be deduced that the faster action nitrogen compounds are the nitric, followed by ammonia and ultimately ureas.
What is meant by soluble phosphorus according to the composition of complex NPK?
Hence, all those SAM-denominations (soluble phosphorus in mineral acids) or partially-solubilized-phosphoric rock, are indicative of insoluble-phosphorus, therefore not directly assimilated by the plant.
Where I can find a model of the registration book of phytosanitary products?
How are the cereal-selective herbicides classified according to their mode of penetration into the plant?
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Root penetration:
– Systemic action: Dinitroanilines, Benzamides and Thiocarbamates
– Contact action: substituted ureas (isoproturon, …) and oxyacetamides. -
Foliar and root penetration
– Systemic Action: Sulfonylureas (Hussar, Atlantis …) and triazolopyrimidines
– Weak Systemic action: Diphenylether, Thiocarbamates, Piridincarboxiamidas and Furanones -
Foliar penetration
– Systemic action: Derivatives auxinic, FOPs (Iloxan, …) and DENs (Axial, …)
– Contact action: Diphenylether, Isoindoldionas, HBN and triazolinones
Source: Arvalis
What factors influence the employment conditions of root herbicides?
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Environmental:
– Temperature range: Aggressive from a differential of 15 ° C between night and day, especially if the temperature is negative (primarily Sulfonylureas).
– Wind: Risk of drift. -
Spray form:
– Adjuvants: Risk of phytotoxicity especially with oils -
Soil:
– Type: very favorable effect on clay soils by adsorption on the clay-humus complex (Clay>30% o MO> 3%).
– Humidity: Decreases effectiveness in dry soils. Wet soils are necessary but not waterlogged.
– Uniform planting depth: Promotes efficiency and selectivity of the products.
Source: Arvalis
What factors influence the employment conditions of foliar contact herbicides?
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Environmental:
– Temperature range: Aggressive from a differential of 15 ° C between night and day, especially if the temperature is negative.
– Relative humidity of air: at least 50% to 60% is required.
– Chill: A little dew favors the penetration of the product, though too much may decrease the effectiveness of the product due to leaching losses.
– Rain after treatment: 1 to 4 hours elapse between the time of treatment and the rain to get a good efficacy.
– Wind: risk of drift and excessive drying of the leaf surface. -
Spray form:
– Adjuvants: Risk of phytotoxicity in particular oils.
Source: Arvalis Institut du Végétal
What factors influence the employment conditions of foliar systemic herbicides?
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Environmental:
– Temperature: its efficiency is improved if the average temperature is 4-5 °C or higher
– Temperature range: Differential preferably under 20 °C
-Relative humidity of air: at least 50% to 60% is required.
– Chill: A little dew favors the penetration of the product, though too much may decrease the effectiveness of the product due to leaching losses.
– Rain after treatment: 1 to 4 hours elapse between the time of treatment and the rain to get a good efficacy.
– Wind: Risk of drift and excessive drying of the leaf surface. -
Spray form:
– Mixtures: Risk of antagonism such as auxinic and sulfonylurea derivatives.
– Adyuvants: Improved efficiencies of certain anti grasses without risk of phytotoxicity (eg Celon) and other risks of phytotoxicity especially depending on the dose and temperature range (Iloxan). -
Suelo:
– Humidity: Effectiveness reduced under water deficit at the time of treatment.
Source: Herbicides des cereales et Proteagineaux. Arvalis Institut du Végétal
What are the benefits of certified seed?
Savings | Low seeding. Good health status and guaranteed germination. |
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Higher performance | Ensures harvest and good crop establishment. Weeds are diminished. |
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Higher quality | The only officially certified. Traceability and varietal purity guaranteed. |
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Best future of agriculture | Allows researching new varieties. These new varieties are guarantee of improved production. |
What factors are important to achieve good effectiveness in the treatment of seed?
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Dosage and product used: it has to be registered for the treatment of cereal seeds and applied at the recommended dose.
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Uniform application over the entire surface of the seed: if only part of the grain is coated, diseases can remain latent in the rest of the seed.
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Use of fixed treaters: to perform a proper and homogeneous treatment, adequate machinery is necessary. This machinery must be registered as equipment for phytosanitary treatments in the relevant autonomous community.
What diseases can be transmitted through use of uncertified seeds?
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Coal dress (Ustilago Hordeii)
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Naked Coal (Ustilago sspp)
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Fusarium (Fusarium sspp)
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Blotch (Helminthosporium sspp)
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Septoria (Septoria sspp)
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Blight or decay (Tilletia sspp)
More info here .
What is it and what is it for?
If you are already a client and you are interested, please send us a request.
Does it entails any cost to me?
What are the benefits?
Check online | All your movements to a click. View your bills from your PC, mobile or tablet. Updated daily. |
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Ordeliness | Keep a proper accounting. Download in pdf format your movements every time you want. |
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Automation | Print or save pdfs individually or in blocks. | |
Information | Check extra information that does not appear on physical invoices. | |
Saving | Save paper and ink saving to pdf and thus respecting the environment. |
How does the application process work?
Once submitted, your application will be processed and you will receive an email with the login details.
Is any knowledge needed to navigate the private area?
Its use is very intuitive and has a series of filters to quickly find the document you are looking for.
If you have any questions you can check this example.
Thanks.